School · 599 BCE–527 BCE
Jain philosophy
Jain philosophy is South Asian debates on nonviolence, karma, plural perspectives, knowledge, and liberation.
Shared questions
- How can one make responsible claims when reality has many interrelated aspects?
Internal disagreements
- How far perspectival qualification limits assertion without collapsing into scepticism or relativism.
Key texts
- Ācārāṅga Sūtra — One of the oldest Śvetāmbara canonical texts, transmitted orally and redacted centuries after Mahāvīra.
- Tattvārthasūtra — Umāsvāti's summary is accepted by both Śvetāmbara and Digambara traditions, which read it differently.