Neoplatonism is a scholarly name for several late-antique Platonist projects, not an unbroken single institution; its thinkers developed layered accounts of the first principle, intellect, soul, and return to the divine.
Shared questions
How do the many levels of reality proceed from a first principle and return toward it?
Internal disagreements
Whether philosophical ascent requires discursive reasoning alone or also theurgical and ritual practices.
Key texts
Enneads — Plotinus wrote without revising, and the text comes to us through Porphyry's editing and arrangement.
On the Mysteries — Iamblichus' defence of theurgy against Porphyry, and the point at which the school divides.