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School · 500 BCE–400 BCE

South Asian materialism

South Asian materialism is materialist and sceptical currents in South Asian intellectual history, often reconstructed from hostile testimony.

Shared questions

  • What remains of ethics, knowledge, and social life if perception is given priority over ritual and postmortem claims?

Internal disagreements

  • How securely materialist positions can be reconstructed from fragmentary reports and polemical sources.

Key texts

  • The Cārvāka fragments — No Lokāyata work survives; the position is reconstructed from the summaries its opponents wrote in order to refute it.

Scholarly notes

A tradition preserved by its critics · resolved

No Lokāyata or Cārvāka work survives. The position is reconstructed from summaries written by opponents in order to refute it, and the term nāstika that names it is itself a critical label applied from outside.