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Thinker · c. 200 BCE–300 CE

Patañjali

Patañjali

Patañjali is the traditional author of the Yoga Sūtra, which coordinates ethical discipline, concentration, and discriminative insight in a path to kaivalya, or liberation.

Intellectual setting

The Yoga Sūtra shares much with Sāṃkhya but develops a practical discipline and a role for Īśvara that its commentators variously interpret.

Key ideas

Cessation of mental fluctuations

Yoga disciplines the changing activities of mind so consciousness can be distinguished from them.

Eight limbs

Ethical restraints, observances, bodily practice, breath, withdrawal, concentration, meditation, and absorption structure practice.

Legacy

Classical Yoga traditions and modern global yoga reception repeatedly return to the sūtras, though their historical interpretation is diverse.

Scholarly notes

Author and text · contested

Traditional attribution of the Yoga Sūtra to Patañjali does not settle its exact date, redactional history, or identification with grammarians bearing the same name.