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Thinker · 374–414 CE

Sēngzhào

僧肇 · Sēngzhào

Sēngzhào helped articulate early Chinese Madhyamaka by using Chinese philosophical language to expound emptiness, non-arising, and the limits of ordinary conceptual opposition.

Intellectual setting

He worked in the translation and teaching community around Kumārajīva, where Madhyamaka materials entered debates with Daoist-inflected vocabulary.

Key ideas

Non-arising

Phenomena are empty and do not arise from independent self-natures.

Translation and transformation

His essays show how Indian Buddhist arguments acquired new force in a Chinese linguistic setting.

Legacy

Sēngzhào became a foundational figure for Chinese understandings of emptiness and Sanlun thought.