School · 1756–1940 CE
Anarchism
Anarchism is a family of political philosophies that challenges coercive authority and asks how free association, mutual aid, and social coordination can replace domination. Individualist, mutualist, collectivist, communist, and feminist anarchists differ over property, violence, organization, and the state’s abolition.
Shared questions
- Which forms of authority lack justification, and what voluntary institutions could replace them?
- How should freedom, equality, property, mutual aid, and revolutionary strategy be related?
Internal disagreements
- Anarchists disagree over markets and property, the legitimacy of revolutionary violence, federal organization, and the priority of class or gender domination.
Key texts
- Enquiry Concerning Political Justice · 1793 — Godwin’s argument against political institutions and inherited authority.
- Mutual Aid · 1902 — Kropotkin’s account of cooperation as a factor in evolution and social life.